Not just about weightloss, regular execise can also reduce the risk of PCOS-related cancer in women

PCOS is an increasingly common disorder among women, characterised by issues such as irregular periods, weight gain, acne or difficulty getting pregnant. Its effects, however, can go beyond these symptoms.

Women with PCOS may be at a higher risk of developing problems in the lining of the uterus, including endometrial cancer. This does not mean that having PCOS will lead to cancer.

Most women with PCOS will never develop it. That said, the importance of understanding the risk and taking care of long-term health cannot be overstated.

Let’s start by understanding the relation between PCOS and endometrial cancer. Consultant & Head of Department- Gynaecologic Oncology, Rajiv Gancer Institute and Research Centre shares insights.

How PCOS increases the risk of endometrial cancer In many women with PCOS, ovulation does not happen regularly. As a result, periods may become quite irregular or may not occur for several months.

When this happens repeatedly, the lining of the uterus remains exposed to oestrogen for longer periods without enough progesterone to balance its effect. Over time, this may cause the lining to become too thick.

In some women, these changes can increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which is an abnormal thickening of the uterine lining, and eventually endometrial cancer. The risk may be higher when PCOS is accompanied by obesity, diabetes or long gaps between periods.

How does exercise help?Although exercise cannot directly treat or prevent PCOS, it can help improve several factors that are linked with both PCOS and endometrial cancer risk. One of the biggest factors is metabolic health.

Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means the body does not respond to insulin as effectively as it should.

As a result, insulin levels may remain high, which can make weight management more difficult and may also disturb hormone balance. Regular physical activity helps the body use insulin more effectively.

It can also support better blood sugar control and reduce the chances of excessive weight gain. These changes are important because obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are also linked with a higher risk of endometrial cancer.

Exercise can help with weight management Not every woman with PCOS is overweight. However, for those who are, even modest improvements in weight and fitness can make a difference to overall health.

Exercise helps burn energy, maintain muscle mass and prevent gradual weight gain. When combined with a balanced diet, it can also support healthy weight loss where needed.

This matters because excess body fat can affect hormone levels, including oestrogen. Higher levels of body fat are also associated with a greater risk of endometrial cancer.

The goal, however, should not be to chase rapid weight loss. Regular movement, better fitness and healthier habits are more important than focusing only on the number on the weighing scale.

You do not need an intense workout routine Exercise for PCOS does not necessarily mean spending hours in the gym. Simple activities can work well if they are done consistently.

These may include: Brisk walking Cycling Swimming Dancing Jogging Yoga Strength or resistance training Adults should generally aim for around 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. This could simply mean about 30 minutes of brisk walking on five days of the week.

Women who have been inactive can start with 10 to 15 minutes a day and gradually build up. The most useful form of exercise is usually the one that can be followed regularly.

Strength training can also help Cardio exercise often gets most of the attention, but strength training can also be useful for women with PCOS. Building muscle can help the body use glucose more efficiently and may support better insulin sensitivity.

Simple exercises using body weight, resistance bands or light weights can be included two or more times a week. A combination of walking or other aerobic activity and strength training can be a practical approach for many women.

Exercise is only one part of PCOS care It is important to understand that exercise does not remove the cancer risk completely. Women who go for several months without periods should speak to a doctor.

In some cases, treatment may be needed to regulate periods and protect the lining of the uterus. Doctors may also recommend regular monitoring of blood sugar, cholesterol, weight and other health markers depending on the individual.

Also, abnormal bleeding should also never be ignored. Bleeding between periods, unusually heavy bleeding, bleeding after a long gap or bleeding after menopause should always be evaluated by a doctor.

PCOS is not just about anomalies in periods or fertility - it can affect long-term metabolic and hormonal health. Regular exercise can help by improving insulin sensitivity, supporting weight management and reducing some of the factors linked with endometrial cancer risk.

It does not replace medical treatment, but it can become an important part of long-term PCOS care. The best approach is simple: move regularly, maintain a healthy lifestyle, do not ignore irregular periods and stay in touch with your doctor.

Small habits followed consistently can make a meaningful difference over time.